Related Suppliers Searching for related suppliers Link to Active This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. The items should be selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particular job. This guide may be used by specification writers when selecting and establishing the inspection requirements for coating and lining specifications.
Link to Active This link will always route to the current Active version of the astm d Class Astm d Chemical Treatments. This standard does not astm d to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Factors Affecting Coating Performance. The system shop-coated surfaces should be cleaned of dust. If necessary to of alternately cleaning and painting short sections by one remove grime and oil substances, they can be wiped, steam workman is not good practice since this can lead to surface or cleaned, power washed with detergents or cleaned with sol- intercoat contamination.
It may sometimes be necessary to clean newly coated been cleaned of slag and weld spatter. It is important that every surfaces using some of the specified methods between the coat of the system be applied over dry, soil-free surfaces, and various coats.
Great 5. Washing may also be necessary between 5. Be aware that standing water on uncured paint fications are being followed with reference to the painting or can result in early failure.
He should ensure that surfaces not in a problem. If a particular overall new finish coat to all surfaces of the structure. The material is in question, do not use it until it has been tested by inspector of maintenance repainting should be alert for several the manufacturer or independent laboratory and found to be conditions not encountered in the painting of new work. This should be cut loose from the sides of the container, removed, is particularly important with spot-blast cleaning.
If it is felt that the skins are thick enough to 5. Before the overall finish coat is 6. When it is not possible to use the supplied containers 5. Where there is coating removal and overcoating can be an issue. Some noticeable settling, and mixing is done either by power specifications put limits on the allowable amount of surface agitators or by hand, most of the vehicle should be poured off soluble salts.
Inspectors may be called upon to measure soluble into a clean container. The pigment is then lifted from the salt concentrations on the substrate surface. SSPC Guide 15 bottom of the container with a clean, broad, flat paddle, lumps presents several methods for extracting salts from the surface broken up and the pigment thoroughly mixed with the vehicle and several methods for measuring the salt concentration in the present.
The poured-off vehicle should be returned slowly to extract. Surface soluble salt concentrations should be measured the original container with simultaneous agitation. It is also in areas where salt would most likely be present such as pitted useful at this point to mix or pour repeatedly from one areas. Practice D presents the unmixed pigment. Two component paints should be mixed the procedure for evaluating adhesion of maintenance coatings. After the individual 5. The coating should not be mixed or where he discovers such conditions, require that the surface be kept in suspension by means of an air stream bubbling under cleaned and repainted.
Any coating that shows ensure homogeneity and to remove skins and foreign matter. If the defects are general, rather than existing in a strainer is normally satisfactory for most coatings, unless some few isolated areas, use of a different type of coating may be specific size is required in the specification.
Containers should necessary. Coating Storage and Handling 6. Some materials may even require thinners should be stored in areas or structures that are constant agitation during use. Storage should be 6. Materials susceptible to damage at partially react prior to thinning or application. Too high a storage temperature reduces the be thoroughly mixed as described in 6. If a coating is stocked for a to the temperature recommended by the coating manufacturer. This will prevent volume ratio by plural component equipment through heated or hard settling and thus make mixing quicker and easier when the insulated lines coating lines to specialized mixing equipment coating is to be used.
Should the coatings while others do not. This section describes some contractor wish to reduce the viscosity by heating, to make commonly accepted procedures when thinning is permitted. In-line heaters are also example using manufacturer-supplied thinner from unopened available for application equipment.
It thinning instructions , the painting inspector may need to should be noted, however, that heating of the coating alone will submit to an agreed-upon testing laboratory a sample from not compensate for ambient or surface temperatures, or both, if each batch to be thinned, together with a sample of the thinner they are below the minimum specified for that material.
For to be used, using clean sample containers in both cases. A products to be applied by plural component spray this section request is submitted with these samples for advice on the does not apply, see 6. Weather Considerations 6.
Environmental conditions such as tem- or both, should be added. Thinning is carried out by pouring perature and relative humidity can affect the cure of most about half of the thoroughly mixed coating into an empty, clean coatings.
The required thinner is then added and the two portions are remixed to obtain a homogenous mixture. The requirements the thinner. This speeds acceptance of a coating. The inspector effects. Within the limitations of the composition of the should keep a record of all paint modifications, amount of coating, this may be satisfactory, depending upon the type of thinning, weight per gallon, and viscosity. Where dry-film coating and providing the surface is dry. Painting over ice or thickness is specified, the inspector should verify the new wet frost will result in early adhesion failure of the coating.
Compliance with the specification 7. A surface that is too hot may cause the coating required to obtain the specified dried-film thickness, coating solvents to evaporate so fast that application is difficult, the percent volume of the nonvolatile solids in the original blistering takes place, or a porous film results.
To keep the coating must be known. This figure is readily obtained from the temperature down it may be desirable, where practical, to paint manufacturer. With this information the calculation may be under cover at a shop or to protect the surface from the sun made as follows: with tarpaulins.
This is especially true where: in spring and fall when days are warm and nights are cool. High humidity can also solids, and affect the cure of some coatings. If it is suspected that the temperature and added. When thinning satisfactory temperature. The technique is from dry to sidered when applying coatings in areas where airborne over- wet, with the coating applied to the surface and spread back to spray could damage automobiles, boats, and structures nearby.
Coating should be worked Heavy winds result in considerable loss of coating and exces- into all irregularities in the surface, crevices, and corners. This results in Runs, sags, or curtains should be brushed out. Surfaces that are an inability of the film to flow together dry spray.
If inaccessible for painting with brushes and on which spraying is uncorrected, dry spray may create holidays, leading to poor not permitted should have coating applied by means of performance, and it can interfere with adhesion of the applied sheepskin daubers.
Edges and corners of all metal work, nut surface. These problems can be avoided by utilizing brush or heads, bolts and nuts, and all individual members, bars, shapes, roller application methods instead of spray, scheduling the and plates should be striped by brush painting in advance of the work at the less windy times of day, changing materials to the application of coating to other parts.
They should not exceed 8. Coating Application mm 4 in. The brushes should be kept in a clean, immediately prior to painting to ensure that spent abrasive, acceptable condition when not in use. The inspector should dust, and debris have been completely removed. ISO prohibit the use of any brush not in an acceptable condition. Dust removal 8.
Often it is acceptable in fabricating shops, but gloved hand wiped over the surface is barely discernible when because of the possibility of damaging surrounding property or viewed from a distance of 1 m 3 ft. Material Safety Data Sheets needed to ensure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials. Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers. Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and Previously.
Historical Version s — view previous versions of standard. Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application.
Steel Structures D Council Publications. The values given in parentheses are for information only. It is important to note techniques in order to avoid depositing coating that is too that the painting inspector check all areas and determine the viscous, too dry, or too thin when it reaches the surface. For instance, if the shop coat 8. The areas tested should be identified types of fabric, and fiber lengths.
The nap length used on and recorded so that the dry-film thickness of added coating metal surfaces, generally varies from 6 to 19 mm 14 to 34 in. With nondestructive measuring instru- The longer fibers hold more coating but do not provide as ments a m ft long and 1. Therefore their use is generally restricted to tested in 30 min, and low areas if any, properly marked and rougher surfaces such as the substrate and faster drying recorded in the inspectors book.
Because the shop prime coat coatings. Short nap rollers give a smoother finish and are inspector may not be the person doing the field coat application generally used for applying the top coat.
There are also inspection, it is very important to record test results and send a specialized rollers available for use on pipes and fences, and copy to the field inspector in order to better determine even pressure rollers that continually feed the coating to the thicknesses of subsequently applied coats. Additional Considerations 8.
The first load of coating on the ventilation is provided for removal of dust and solvents. Proper roller technique requires as riveting, bolting, welding, straightening, etc. The coating should then be cross-rolled to fill in have been damaged.
Damaged or bare areas should be thor- the square created by the boundaries of the initial application. In addition, crevices and small cause foaming and possible cratering by entrapped air. Appli- cracks should be thoroughly cleaned and spot-primed. After cation should be finished with light perpendicular strokes in drying, the crevices and cracks can be filled with an acceptable one direction usually vertical to provide the smoothest, most caulking compound as required by the specification.
The uniform finish. The size is generally Except for any shop coat touch-ups made necessary by by mm 4 by 7 in. Care should be taken by the 8.
They are faces from being stained by the coating being applied. Any ideal for application of coatings to small, odd-shaped surfaces. Coating is considered dry for recoating when The manufacturers recommendations should be followed. For most coatings the time to pocket thermometer with a range from about 18 to 65C 0 to dry for recoat, even under optimum conditions varies with their F for measuring the air temperature. The same thermom- composition and that of the subsequent coat.
Thus, an oil-based eter or a floating dairy thermometer may be used to determine coating may take 2 to 3 days to harden sufficiently to be the temperature. The same thermometer or a floating dairy overcoated with a coating of the same type. However, it may thermometer may be used to determine the temperature of take 3 or 4 months to harden to be satisfactorily overcoated liquid coating, solvent, etc. Flat surface-temperature thermom- with a vinyl coating or other type of coating containing strong eters are also available for measuring the substrate tempera- solvents.
Some coatings have maximum recoat times. The ture, as in an infrared gun. Hand-held sling or electrical types are avail- able as well as a direct-reading digital type.
Atmospheric Inspection Equipment conditions, including air temperature, relative humidity, dew There are, however, corded at the location where work is being performed. They The different instruments during field application.
While giving only partial information that can be used are described in this section. It consists of a bullet-shaped, Test Methods D to ensure the proper profile is obtained stainless steel cup with an orifice in the bottom.
Attached to the for the specified material. Some of the common instruments cup is a looped handle with a small opening at the top to align are: the cup in a vertical position when withdrawing it from the To operate, the cup is completely immersed of the profile against a reference disk for sand, grit, and shot in the liquid to fill it and is then withdrawn rapidly and blast-cleaned steel.
The time in seconds for the liquid to escape Cup No. It should be noted that Zahn cups are not The tape is measured in the field using a ment between different cups is poor see Test Method spring micrometer to determine average maximum profile D If the value is low compared to the paint underfilm corrosion.
This is a subjective test and its value specification or manufacturers data sheets, it indicates that the depends upon the inspectors experience. The cross-cut test, material may not have been properly manufactured or that Test Methods D , and knife adhesion test, Test Method unauthorized thinning may have been done, while differing D , are more reproducible.
The weight-per-gallon described in Test Method D The testers measure the cup holds a given volume when filled at 25C 77F or other force required to remove a metal stud that has been cemented specified temperature.
It has a closely fitted lid with a small to the coated surface. In use, the cup is filled with a liquid slightly below As the contents warm up, the excess should be available to the inspector so that he may perform his escapes through the hole and is removed. The filled cup is function properly. A relatively inexpen- The difference between the full and the empty affected.
Minimum temperatures are required for reactive and weights divided by 10 is the weight in pounds of 1 gal of the. Multiply by Complete D Practice D describes the procedure for using magnetic SSPC-PA 2, includes instructions on the number of ment is used to measure the thickness of a wet film of paint measurements for different areas and tolerances on the required immediately after it is applied to a surface.
Note that erroneous film thickness. If a wet-film gauge is used to tance and eddy current techniques, and are described in determine the thickness of coats subsequent to the first, great Practice D If the coat gauge is designed to measure coating film thickness by being measured has an appreciable softening effect on the microscopic observation of a cut into the film.
A tungsten previous coat, a wet-film thickness gauge cannot be used with carbide cutting tip is specially shaped to slice a precise narrow accuracy. It is very important to record and retain test results. Thickness of The coating cannot Complete details are given in Method A of Test Methods be too brittle or soft, otherwise the cutting tip will tear rather D Test Methods D presents the procedure This gauge with It is continuities in a coating film that may be invisible to the naked then withdrawn perpendicularly without a sliding movement.
They allow moisture to penetrate to the substrate. Holiday The true wet-film thickness lies between the highest step testing is usually performed on coatings intended for immer- coated and the next highest, which was not coated. The sion service. Holiday testing is performed before final cure of procedure is described in Practice D Pinhole and holiday detectors are either low measurements are of great importance because the protection voltage or high voltage.
Their use and operation is presented in of the substrate is directly related to the thickness of the Practice D There are two ways of making the measurements, Nondestructive dry-film attached to a battery and alarm.
A ground wire is attached to the thickness gauges are preferred, as they do not damage the bare substrate. The sponge is wetted and moved across the coating. Destructive gauges involve penetrating or cutting entire surface. If a pinhole or holiday is present, an electrical through the film to the substrate with a needle or blade and circuit is completed and the alarm sounds.
When a holiday is measuring by some means the distance between the top and found, it should be marked, then wiped dry of any moisture to bottom of the film. This type of gauge destroys the film, avoid telegraphing back to this holiday. Low voltage holiday necessitating touch up with primer and finish to prevent detectors are suitable on coatings up to m 20 mil in corrosion at these spots. Selection of the standards to be followed astm d be governed by experience and the d in each individual case, together with agreement between the supplier and the user.
Drying and Curing Times. It includes the key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. Historical Version s — view previous versions of standard. Awtm practice is intended for shop-applied coating only. Adhesion of Existing Coating. Astm d items should be selected that are pertinent to the specif For additional helpful information, refer to astm d following documents: Related Suppliers Searching for related suppliers Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application.
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